Law-lib.com 2022-5-25 15:46:05 最高人民法院
2022年5月25日，最高人民法院發布《最高人民法院關于加強區塊鏈司法應用的意見》（以下簡稱《意見》）。這是人民法院深入貫徹習近平法治思想、落實習近平總書記關于推動區塊鏈技術創新發展重要指示精神的具體舉措，將進一步推進人民法院運用以區塊鏈為代表的關鍵技術加速人民法院數字化變革、創造更高水平數字正義，促進法治與科技深度融合發展、推動智慧法治建設邁向更高層次。
以習近平同志為核心的黨中央高度重視區塊鏈技術應用和發展。習近平總書記強調，要把區塊鏈作為核心技術自主創新的重要突破口，加快推動區塊鏈技術和產業創新發展，積極推進區塊鏈和經濟社會融合發展。近年來，人民法院大力推進區塊鏈技術在司法領域應用，建成人民法院司法區塊鏈平臺，司法區塊鏈上鏈存證超過22億條，存固證據、智能輔助、卷宗管理等方面應用效能和規范程度不斷提升，電子證據、電子送達存驗證防篡改等應用場景落地見效。
為進一步加強區塊鏈在司法領域應用，充分發揮區塊鏈在促進司法公信、服務社會治理、防范化解風險、推動高質量發展等方面的作用，最高人民法院在充分調研、廣泛征求意見、多方論證基礎上，制定出臺《意見》。《意見》包括七個部分32條內容，明確人民法院加強區塊鏈司法應用總體要求及人民法院區塊鏈平臺建設要求，提出區塊鏈技術在提升司法公信力、提高司法效率、增強司法協同能力、服務經濟社會治理等四個方面典型場景應用方向，明確區塊鏈應用保障措施。《意見》主要有以下幾個鮮明特點：
一是提出建成互通共享的司法區塊鏈聯盟。《意見》提出到2025年，建成人民法院與社會各行各業互通共享的區塊鏈聯盟，數據核驗、可信操作、智能合約、跨鏈協同等基礎支持能力大幅提升，司法區塊鏈跨鏈聯盟融入經濟社會運行體系，主動服務營商環境優化、經濟社會治理、風險防范化解和產業創新發展，服務平安中國、法治中國、數字中國和誠信中國建設，形成中國特色、世界領先的區塊鏈司法領域應用模式。
二是明確人民法院區塊鏈平臺建設要求。《意見》明確要求人民法院加強區塊鏈應用頂層設計、持續推進跨鏈協同應用能力建設、提升司法區塊鏈技術能力、建設互聯網司法區塊鏈驗證平臺、建立健全標準規范體系。《意見》提出要打造開放共享的全國法院司法區塊鏈平臺，加強司法區塊鏈平臺與各行業區塊鏈平臺跨鏈聯盟建設，持續提升協同能力；要在互聯網端建設司法區塊鏈驗證平臺，支持當事人等相關主體對調解數據、電子證據、訴訟文書等司法數據進行真偽核驗。
三是提出運用區塊鏈數據防篡改技術提升司法公信力。《意見》提出推進人民法院電子卷宗、電子檔案、司法統計報表等司法數據上鏈存儲，推動執行案件等數據和操作上鏈存證，推動人民法院送達的訴訟文書和送達回執在司法區塊鏈平臺統一存儲，保障司法數據安全、操作合規。《意見》明確健全完善區塊鏈平臺證據核驗功能，支持當事人和法官在線核驗通過區塊鏈存儲的電子證據，推動完善區塊鏈存證的標準和規則，提升電子證據認定的效率和質量。
四是提出應用區塊鏈優化業務流程提高司法效率。《意見》提出支持立案信息流轉應用、調解與審判流程銜接應用、審判與執行流程銜接聯動、提升執行效率、支持執行干警便捷辦案等五個典型應用場景，提高業務流程自動化水平，提升司法效率。《意見》提出建立調解協議不履行自動觸發審判立案、執行立案等業務規則和智能合約程序，增強調解程序司法權威，支持多元糾紛化解。
五是提出應用區塊鏈互通聯動促進司法協同。《意見》提出構建人民法院與司法行政部門跨鏈協同應用，支持實現參與訴訟活動的律師資質、信用報告在線查詢及核驗，提高核驗實時性；提出構建人民法院與檢察、公安、司法行政等部門的跨鏈協同應用，提高案件在線流轉效率和數據互信水平；構建人民法院與行政執法、不動產登記、金融證券保險機構、聯合信用懲戒等單位的跨鏈協同應用，建立自動化執行查控和信用懲戒模式，提高協同執行工作效率。
六是提出利用區塊鏈聯盟互信服務經濟社會治理。《意見》提出推進構建與知識產權、市場監管、產權登記、交易平臺、數據權屬、數據交易、金融機構、相關政府部門等區塊鏈平臺跨鏈協同應用機制，支持知識產權保護、營商環境優化、數據開發利用、金融信息流轉應用、企業破產重組、征信體系建設等。
On May 25, 2022, the Supreme People’s Court of the People’s Republic of China released the “Opinions of the Supreme People’s Court on Strengthening Blockchain Application in the Judicial Field” (hereinafter referred as “the Opinions”), which indicates the concrete actions of the people’s courts in thoroughly implementing the Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law and General Secretary Xi Jinping’s valuable instructions on promoting the innovative development of the blockchain technology. By further facilitating the people’s courts to accelerate the digital transformation with the support of key technologies represented by blockchain and to achieve a higher level of digital justice, the Opinions will promote the in-depth integrated development of the rule of law and technology as well as the higher-quality intelligent rule of law.
The CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has attached great importance to the application and development of blockchain technology. General Secretary Xi Jinping noted that the blockchain should serve as an essential breakthrough point in independently innovating core technologies and he called for speedy efforts in boosting the innovative development of blockchain technology and industry so as to actively promote the integrated development of blockchain, economy, and society. In recent years, the people’s courts have vigorously furthered the blockchain application in the judicial field by establishing judicial blockchain platforms with over 2.2 billion pieces of evidence stored on the judicial blockchain. The platforms have witnessed the constant improvement of application efficiency and standardization in evidence storage and solidifying, intelligent assistance, case file management, etc., and leveraged blockchain’s strengths in ensuring that electronic evidence and electronic service are stored safely, verified online, and tamper-proof and in other application scenarios.
In order to strengthen blockchain application in the judicial field and give full play to blockchain’s role in cementing judicial credibility, facilitating social governance, preventing and resolving risks, promoting high-quality development, etc., the Supreme People’s Court of the People’s Republic of China has formulated and released the Opinions on the basis of comprehensive investigation, extensive consultation, and sufficient argumentation. 32 items included in seven parts of the Opinions clarify the overall requirements for blockchain application in the judicial field and requirements for building the blockchain platforms of the people’s courts, chart courses for four typical application scenarios where blockchain technology facilitates the enhancement of judicial credibility, judicial efficiency, judicial collaboration, and economic and social governance, and specify guarantee measures of blockchain application. The Opinions’ features fall into the following six aspects:
First, proposing to build a judicial blockchain alliance featuring interconnectivity and sharing. According to the Opinions, by 2025, a blockchain alliance featuring interconnectivity and sharing between the people’s courts and all social sectors will come into being with the capabilities for fundamental support for data verification, trusted operation, smart contract, interoperation collaboration, etc. to be dramatically improved. By then, the judicial blockchain interoperation alliance is to be integrated into the economic and social operation system, which will actively contribute to the improvement of the business environment, economic and social governance, risk prevention and resolution, and industrial innovation and development, back China to become a peaceful, digital and credit-based country under the rule of law, and foster a world-leading model of blockchain application in the judicial field with Chinese characteristics.
Second, clarifying requirements on building the blockchain platforms of the people’s courts. The Opinions make it clear that the people’s courts need to strengthen the top-level design of blockchain application, constantly advance capacity building for interoperation collaborative application, enhance technical capabilities of the judicial blockchain, build an Internet-based judicial blockchain verification platform, and establish and optimize a standard system. In addition, the Opinions specify that it is required to create an open and shared judicial blockchain platform among people’s courts nationwide, boost the development of the interoperation alliance of the judicial blockchain platform and that of all walks of life so as to constantly enhance synergy, and build a judicial blockchain verification platform on the Internet, which enables parties and other relevant subjects to verify the authenticity of mediation data, electronic evidence, litigation documents, and other judicial data.
Third, proposing to utilize data tamper-proof technology of blockchain to enhance judicial credibility. In the Opinions, it is required that judicial data of the people’s courts, including electronic case files, electronic archives, and judicial statistical reports, is expected to be stored on the blockchain. Moreover, it is necessary to store data and operations of enforcement cases on the blockchain, uniformly store litigation documents served by the people’s courts and receipts of service on the judicial blockchain platform so as to ensure the security of judicial data and compliance of operations. The Opinions also stipulate that it is necessary to perfect the evidence verification function of the blockchain platform, which enables parties and judges to verify the electronic evidence stored on the blockchain online, so as to contribute to setting sound standards and rules for blockchain-based storage and improve the efficiency and quality of electronic evidence identification.
Fourth, proposing to optimize business processes with blockchain application to constantly improve judicial efficiency. The Opinions outline five typical application scenarios where blockchain enables circulation and application of case-filing information, connected application between mediation and trial procedures, the connection between trial and enforcement procedures, enhancement of enforcement efficiency, and enables enforcement officers and police staff to handle cases more conveniently, making more automatic business processes and higher judicial efficiency possible. Moreover, the Opinions intend to set operational rules on automatically triggering the trial procedure or the enforcement procedure upon the failure to perform mediation agreements and launch the smart contract procedure, so as to cement the judicial authority of the mediation procedure and support diversified dispute resolution.
Fifth, proposing to leverage blockchain interconnectivity to enhance judicial collaboration. The Opinions advocate to realize interoperation collaborative application between the people’s courts and administrative organs, which enables online inquiry and verification of qualifications and credit reports of lawyers in litigation activities, with higher time efficiency; to realize interoperation collaborative application between the people’s courts and procuratorial, public security, judicial, administrative and other organs, so as to improve the efficiency of online case circulation and data mutual trust; to realize interoperation collaborative application between the people’s courts and organs involved in administrative law enforcement, immovable property registration, financial securities and insurance, or organs cooperatively imposing credit-based punishment, etc. and develop a model of automatically carrying out investigation and control in enforcement and imposing credit-based punishment, so as to improve the working efficiency of collaborative enforcement.
Sixth, proposing to exploit the mutual trustworthiness of the blockchain alliance to facilitate economic and social governance. The Opinions suggest that an interoperation collaborative mechanism with blockchain platforms for intellectual property, market regulation, property registration, transactions, data ownership, online data trading, financial institutions, relevant government departments, etc. should be built so as to support intellectual property protection, business environment improvement, data development and utilization, circulation and application of financial information, bankruptcy and restructuring of enterprises, construction of the credit system, etc.
日期：2022-5-25 15:46:05 | 關閉 |
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