[ 周大勇 ]——(2004-1-2) / 已閱33946次
Literature:
1, Ralph Beddard, Human Rights and Europe, Cambridge university press, 1993
2, J.P. Gardner, Aspects of Incorporation of the European Convention of Human Rights into Domestic Law, The British Institute of International and Comparative Law, 1993
3, Fritz Fabricius, Human Rights and European Politics, Berg Publishers Ltd, 1992
4, Lammy Betten & Nicholas Grief, EU Law and Human Rights, Addison Wesley Longman Ltd.,1998
5, Elspeth Guild & Guillaume Lesieur, The European Court of Justice on the European Convention on Human Rights, Kluwer Law International,1998
6, Michele de Salvia/Mark E.Villiger, The Birth of European Human Rights Law, Baden-Baden:Nomos Verlag, 1998
7, Nigel G.Foster, EC Legislation Handbook, Blackstone Press Ltd., 1998
8, Liz Heffernan, Human Rights-A European Perspective, Colour Books Ltd, Dublin, 1994
9, J.G.Merrills, Human Rights in Europe, Manchester University Press, 2001
10, Darcy S. Binder, The European Court of Justice and the Protection of Fundamental Rights in the European Community,
11, J.H.H. Weiler & Sybilla C. Fries, A Human Rights Policy for the European Community and Union: The Question of Competences
12, Leslie Friedman Goldstein & Cornel Ban, The Rule of Law and the European Human Rights Regime
13, J Weiler Does the European Union truly need a Charter of rights? At 1-2, 6 ELJ, editorial, 2000
14, www.europa.eu.int
15, www.coe.int
16, www.jeanmonnetprogram.org
The new draft named “Draft Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe”; it will be still a treaty.
See http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/3252628.stm
See Preamble of TUE, also of the draft Constitution
Accordingly, the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of the human is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world, however, the irrationality of the public organs bring the most danger to the human right, WWII for instance. And in this article, I do not distinguish the definition between Human Rights and Fundamental Rights, in a broad sense they have no definitely differences.
The European Council adopted in Laeken December 2001, see http://ue.eu.int/cig/future/futureen.asp?lang=en
See also the forum on draft constitution in internet: http://europa.eu.int/futurum/comm/documents/guidecitoyen_en
Related international agreement includes: The International Covenant on Civil and Politic Rights of 19 December 1966, The International Covenant on Economic, Convention on Social and Cultural Rights of 19 December 1966 etc.
At the 1948 Congress of Europe in The Hague, representatives of European States came together with the aim of establishing an organization in which all of them would cooperate to construct a region where democracy and human rights would be safeguarded.
Now OECD
See Lammy Betten & Nicholas Grief, EU Law and Human Rights, p53
See Darcy S. Binder, The European Court of Justice and the Protection of Fundamental Rights in the European Community, see also www.jeanmonnetprogram.org
Relevant materials stay in the website of Council of Europe www.coe.int, here I do not want to discuss in details.
Article 1 of the ECHR: “The High Contracting Parties shall secure to everyone within their jurisdiction the rights and freedoms defined in Section I of this Convention.”
from Die Bundesregierung, see http://eng.bundesregierung.de/top/dokument/The_Federal_Government
See http://www.folketinget.dk/pdf/constitution.pdf
Compare The Constitution Unit, School of Public Policy, UCL, 1997-2001 Constitutional Update: Human Rights, see www.ucl.ac.uk
See Art 6 TEU
See Art 7 TEU
See Art 49 TEU
See Art 46 TEU
Euro-lex, the content of Regulations see http://europa.eu.int, under category Eur-Lex
Compare the report of EU committee of Justice and Home Affairs, see http://europa.eu.int
Nold, [1974] ECR491, decision of 14 May 1974, compare Dinah Shelton The Boundaries of Human Rights Jurisdiction in Europe, Duke J. of Comp. & Int'l L. 95
Nold, [1974] ECR491, Para 13
Currently, the ECJ still almost refers to ECtHR in case that the tribunal relate to human rights issue
Joined Cases 60 and 61/84, Cinéthèque S A v. Fédération Nationale des Cinémas Français [1985] ECR 2605, Para 26. Compare J.H.H. Weiler & Sybilla C. Fries, A Human Rights Policy for the European Community and Union: The Question of Competences, see http://www.oup.co.uk/pdf/0-19-829806-4.pdf
Including the European Social Charter, the European Committee for the Prevention of torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT), the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities etc. Details see www.coe.int
Compare Leslie Friedman Goldstein & Cornel Ban, The Rule of Law and the European Human Rights Regime, p4, see www.repositories.cdlib.org/cgi/
See Commission of the European Communities Brussels, 13.9.2000 COM (2000) 559 final
See Title V in Part II of the Constitution, which including right to take part in elections to the European Parliament and municipal elections, right to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States and diplomatic and consular protection etc;
See above, including right of access to institution documents, right to refer cases to the Ombudsman and right to petition the European Parliament.
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