[ 韋培成 ]——(2006-7-16) / 已閱48441次
淺析我國財(cái)產(chǎn)刑犯罪中罰金的適用
韋 培 成
摘要
財(cái)產(chǎn)刑，是剝奪犯罪人財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)利的刑罰，有罰金與沒收財(cái)產(chǎn)兩種。罰金是人民法院判處犯罪人向國家繳納一定數(shù)額金錢的刑罰方法，沒收財(cái)產(chǎn)是沒收犯罪分子個人所有財(cái)產(chǎn)的一部或者全部。在我國現(xiàn)行刑法中共有355處提到罰金二字，分布在一百四十八個條款當(dāng)中，涉及罪名一百八十五個，有關(guān)罰金規(guī)定的科學(xué)性、合理性、實(shí)踐適用中出現(xiàn)的問題以及相應(yīng)的具體解決方法一直是我國刑罰研究討論的熱點(diǎn)問題。本文中，筆者對罰金刑廣泛的適用性，罰金的適用方式，罰金數(shù)額的立法規(guī)定，罰金的繳納方式進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的總結(jié)和統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。從刑罰的功能與目的著手，從經(jīng)濟(jì)分析法學(xué)的角度思考和分析經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分析方法在法律制度中的可適用性。在分析國家公權(quán)利在罰金刑制度上適用的成本，界定犯罪者以及犯罪行為模型，犯罪和守法的收益比較，犯罪者犯罪收益和犯罪成本的基礎(chǔ)之上，筆者認(rèn)為應(yīng)該可以再假擬出一種罰金制裁模式，用于我國罰金數(shù)額立法規(guī)定的補(bǔ)充。這種罰金制裁模式最核心的部分應(yīng)該是合理的罰金數(shù)額及有效的執(zhí)行手段。設(shè)法做到使罪犯由于實(shí)施犯罪行為而處境更為惡化，能將犯罪所造成的損失完全加之于制造損失的人身上，起到威懾作用，抑制其犯罪的沖動，滿足刑法功能與目的，降低司法成本。
關(guān)鍵字：財(cái)產(chǎn)刑，罰金刑，經(jīng)濟(jì)分析方法，罰金數(shù)額，效率
The application of Fine in the Criminal of
Property Punishment in China
Science of Law 02-2 Wei Peicheng
Supervised by Xu Ping
Abstract
Property punishment, penalty of depriving criminal of property right, is classified fine and confiscates property. Fine is a penalty that people's court hand in certain amount of money to state after sentencing criminals. Confiscation of all personal property was confiscated criminals or all of a .Having referred to 355 times in all in our state's current criminal law, fine is distributed in 148 clauses, involving 185 accusations. The problems appearing in the application whether fine is scientific, reasonable, practical, and its concrete solutions is still a hot question in the penalty study in China. In this thesis, I make detailed statistics and analysis on its extensive applicability, applicable way, payment way, and legislative rules of fine amount. With the purpose to function from the penalty from the perspective of economic analysis of law and economics analysis of analytical methods in the legal system applicability. In the analysis of national public rights in criminal fines system applicable costs defined offenders and crime models of crime and law-abiding receipts compared perpetrators of crime proceeds and cost basis, I believe that we should be able to leave to prepare a fine model of sanctions, fines amount to my supplementary legislation. This model, the core part of the sanctions imposed should be reasonable and effective means of implementation of fines amount.Trying to make sure that criminals are in worse situation due to their behaviors, this principle can put all the loss made by criminals on the persons who make it, which can play a role of deterring, restraining criminals’ impulse , satisfying function and purpose of criminal law , reducing cost of judicature.
Key word: property punishment, fine punishment, method of economic analysis, fine amount, efficiency
目錄
第一章 緒論 ……………………………………………………………………………………………1
第二章 財(cái)產(chǎn)刑和罰金的概述……………………………………………………………………………2
一 財(cái)產(chǎn)刑和罰金概念的確定和淵源 ………………………………………………………………2
二 我國現(xiàn)行刑法中有關(guān)罰金刑的規(guī)定 …………………………………………………………2
（一） 罰金刑廣泛的適用性 …………………………………………………………………3
（二） 罰金的適用方式……………………………………………………………………………3
（三） 罰金數(shù)額的立法規(guī)定 …………………………………………………………………4
（四） 罰金的繳納方式 ………………………………………………………………………5
第三章 罰金刑制度適用的成本分析 ………………………………………………………………… 6
一 經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分析方法在法律制度中的可適用性………………………………………………………6
二 從國家公權(quán)利角度考慮罰金刑制度適用的成本…………………………………………………6
三 從犯罪者角度考慮犯罪收益和犯罪成本的界定…………………………………………………8
（一） 犯罪者以及犯罪行為模型的界定……………………………………………………………8
（二） 犯罪和守法的收益比較 …………………………………………………………………9
第四章 罰金刑制裁模式 …………………………………………………………………………… 10
一 罰金數(shù)額的公式提出 …………………………………………………………………………10
二 罰金制裁模式適用的規(guī)則 …………………………………………………………………… 11
三 有效率的罰金執(zhí)行方法 ………………………………………………………………………… 12
結(jié)論………………………………………………………………………………15
致謝……………………………………………………………………………………16
參考文獻(xiàn)………………………………………………………………………………17
附錄………………………………………………………………………………19
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